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Flat roof systems

Having to select a flat roofing system can seem complicated and time-consuming for a building owner or facility manager charged with making such an investment. There are some key things to understand when facing such a task.

The first step is to learn what waterproofing assembly and insulation combination you have existing on your building.

This can result in savings if for example there is salvageable thermal insulation beneath the existing waterproofing layer. If you are fortunate to have this circumstance; you may be able to “skin” the existing roof by removing the current waterproofing layer, and replacing only insulation that is wet beneath the membrane. A new waterproofing assembly can then be installed providing well over a decade of dependable performance. One may also be able to add thermal insulation under this circumstance, to lower heating and cooling costs, therefore reducing the costs of operating the building.

If however it is discovered through inspection, that the existing roof may have issues such as corroded steel pan substrate or rotted wood decking, or the lack of a proper vapour retarder layer; then the roof should be completely removed to reveal the substrate beneath.

This becomes the opportunity to design and build your roof to today’s building code and energy efficiency standards.

During the design phase, building usage must be considered for example a cold storage facility will require differing specifications from an office building that has a large walk-out terrace. A food processing facility will require special interior protection measures to avoid dust infiltration during the re-roofing process.

Once design requirements are understood, then a suitable water-proofing membrane or options thereof can be narrowed down.

All modern water-proofing assemblies have their advantages and disadvantages. Climate, drainage, and sustained roof traffic should be factored in when selecting a waterproofing system for flat roofs.

In our region of Canada, there are a number of waterproofing systems that are commonly considered.

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FAQs

Modified Bitumen in two and three ply configurations represent the most common waterproofing assemblies recommended for flat roofs in the Toronto and the southern Ontario climate. Three ply assemblies are suggested for green roof application as a hearty multiply barrier. Traditional Four ply BUR (Built up tar and gravel) assemblies represent a historic waterproofing choice that has self-healing properties in higher temperatures and has been a staple for over one hundred years. Increasingly popular are “white roofs” designed to reflect UV rays which are in the single ply category. TPO, PVC and white surfaced EPDM are options within this category. Such systems are often loose laid and ballasted or fully adhered using adhesive application.

At least twice a year, ideally in spring and fall, to check for ponding water, cracks, and membrane wear.

Roofs that have high traffic should be inspected after each maintenance of HVAC equipment and chillers, and where there may be pedestrian use such as terraces and restaurant patios.

Yes, but the structure must first be inspected by a structural engineer to determine if the structure can sustain the load of anticipated, persons, equipment, or green roofing mediums, and the saturated load of winter snow and resulting meltwater. It must include provision for sufficient drainage, a tested multi-ply waterproofing assembly, watering facility (in the case of a green roof), and proper safety provisions such as safe roof access, open edge protection in the form of exterior railings built to code standards or parapets and initial structural reinforcement or structural design to handle the load requirements with a safety margin built in. One must also consider the cost consideration of any professional fees, permits, drawings, construction modifications, and enhanced waterproofing strategies and inspection.

Flat roof leaks can result from failed membrane seams, aging, lack of preventative or restorative maintenance, failed caulking at critical flashing details, sustained foot traffic on an unprotected waterproofing membrane, associated flat roof to sloped  roof junctions, breaches, poor installation methodology, tie -in junctions of associated semi detached flat roofs, excessive ponded water over a great deal of time, blisters in the waterproofing membrane, failed  sealants in pitch pans & cones, failed roof to wall junctions, failed waterproofing at roof to doorsills, etc.